GRAMMAR IN TOEFL

Grammar is  very important to learn, often Grammar is issued in a variety of tests, both TOEFL and test for career. Most of the problems in the completion of the TOEFL is the grammar (grammar) this. Here I will review some practical ways that can easily be learned and memorized. I will present in the form a bunch of words and example. That I will review are as follows:

1. DITRANSITIVE VERB

A verb has two objects, they are the DIRECT OBJECT (DO) and INDIRECT OBJECT (IO).

RUMUS :     S     V     IO     DO

                   S     V     DO     IO ( diikuti : to/ for + object of preposition)

Eg :

1. Ask      : The student asked Mr. Rusli a lot of questions. ( Bertanya kepada )
2. Bring    : Heli brought Amir the book late. ( membawa/ membawakan)
3. Cost     : The book costs me one dollars. ( menghargai )
4. Get       : Can you get me a cup of coffee. ( mengambilkan )
5. Give     : Bram gave the book a soft hit. ( memberi )
6. Leave   : He left her live from his love. ( menyerahkan )
7. Make   : He made his friends a coffee. ( membuatkan )
8. Owe    : I am still owes a lot of money to the office boy. ( berhutang pada )
9. Pass     : Permission, pass the book to the chairman. ( memberikan/ menyampaikan)
10. Read    : My Uncle read the book to his daughters. ( membacakan )
11. Say      : She always says " bay " to me. ( mengatakan )
12. Take    : She always took the flowers to me. ( membawa )
13. Tell      : I must tell you the truth. ( mengatakan )
14. Wish    : Wish you luck!. ( mengharapkan )
15. Write   : I must write a letter to you. ( menulis )

IO is an adverb of purpose, the layout after the preposition TO / FOR.

Note:
If you meet the above Verb to ascertain whether after the verb DO or IO then look preposition (to / for). to DO that after the Verb, no augmentation "to / for", if no, then the IO was the first rank.

2. LINKING VERBS

Is Transitive Verbs requiring a subject complement .

RUMUS      :     S        VL        Cs

e.g ( example gratia )

1. Appear     : She appears beautiful every time. ( terlihat )
2. Be            : You are beautiful. ( - )
3. Come       : My dream comes true. ( menjadi )
4. Fall           : Amir falls asleep. ( - )
5. Get           : She gets beautiful. ( menjadi )
6. Keep        : She keeps beautiful. ( tetap )
7. Look         : She did'n look  mad. ( nampak )
8. Prove        : The fact proved true. ( terbukti )
9. Remain      : She remains angry. ( tetap )
10. Seem         : Awan seems tired. ( kelihatannya )
11. Taste         : The coffee tastes good. ( rasanya )
12. Think        : I thought positive. ( berfikir )
13. Weigh       : He weighs 65 kilograms. ( beratnya )

3 PROGRESSIVE - NON - PROGRESSIVE VERB

Defined as a verb (verb) that can be classified in the context of progressive (verb can be continuous-kan) or non-progressive (which can not be continuous-it) with a meaning that is not the same.

1.) Non-Progressive (a form of Existing States)
Verb is included in this group are Appear (looks), Be (-), Feel (feel), Have (had), Look [(see) - something that seemed], See [(see) - it is not intentional], smell (smell), Taste (felt), Think (fikir), Weigh (weight).
• e.g. : I think you have a nice dream. (Fikir)


2.) Progressive (an increase in activity [activities in Progress]
Verb is included in this group are Appear (performing), Be (-), Feel (palpate), Have (had), Look (look), See (check), Smell (smell), Taste (taste), Think (think ), weigh (weighing).
e.g. : I am having accident.

4. NON - PROGRESSIVE VERB
Defined as Verbs (verb) that can not be in "continuous" right.

Verb (Verbs) are grouped into 5 (five), namely:
1.) Mental States

     Verb belonging to this group is Believe (trust), Doubt (doubt), Feel (feel), Forget (forget), Imagine (imagine), Know (know), mean (mean), Need (need), Prefer (more like ), realize (realize), suppose (thought), think (fikir), understand (understand), want (want).

      e.g. : I need you. (Need)


2.) Emotional States

     Verb belonging to this group is Appreciate (appreciate), Care (care), Dislake (do not like), Envy (envy), Fear (fear), Hate (hate), Love (love), Mind (mind).

      e.g. : I love myself. (Love)


  3.) Sense Preceptions

     Verb is included in this group is Feel (feel), Hear (hear), See (see), Smell (odor), Taste (taste).

      e.g. : This coffee feels so good. (Feels)


4.) Possession

     Verb belonging to this group are Belong (owned), Have (got), Possess (owned), Own (have).

      e.g. : You have a new dog. (Have)


5.) Existing Other States

     Verb is included in this group is Appear (looks), Be (-), Consist of (composed of), Exist (there), Include (included), Owe (owe), Seem (looks), Weigh (weight).

      e.g. : He seems happy. (Looks)\

5. CERTAIN ADJECTIVE
Defined as an adjective (verb) is usually accompanied by a certain "be" and be in "progressive" it (can be in "continuous" right) as well as behavior implies temporary (transient behavior).

The formula: S (person) be being Cs (Certain adjective)

The word used is:
Bad (bad) careful (careful) cruel (cruel) Fair (fair)
Foolish (stupid) Funny (Funny) Good (good) Generous (generous)
Illogical (odd) Impolite (brash) Irresponsible (irresponsible)
Kind (good) Lazy (lazy) Logical (smart) Loud (nag)
Nice (good) Noisy (noisy) Patient (patient) Pleasant (fun)
Polite (courteous) Quiet (silent) Responsible (responsible)
Rude (Rude) Serious (serious) Silly (stupid) Unfair (not fair)
Unkind (not good) Unpleasant (uncomfortable)
                             
e.g. :
· Selly has been being loud. (Nag)
Meaning: Selly tumben chatty.
Note:
You just memorize the words above, because after "be" certainly the word diataslah partner.

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